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Bioplastics are a form of plastics derived from plant sources such as hemp oil, soy bean oil and corn starch rather than traditional plastics which are derived from petroleum. This is regarded as a much more sustainable activity, as it relies considerably less on fossil fuel imports and produces less greenhouse emissions, producing between 0.8 and 3.2 tonnes of carbon dioxide less per tonne of bioplastics compared to the same weight in petroleum-based plastics. In addition, bioplastics are truly biodegradable, as opposed to what is traditionally referred to as "biodegradable plastic", which is derived from petroleum and mixed with heavy metals that eventually cause polyethylene to break down.

In many areas, the technology is still relatively new and currently not as cost competitive with petroleum-based plastics, although that is quickly changing, given the current price of oil. It is already seeing some widespread use in Europe, where it accounts for 60% of the biodegradable materials market and is found in products such as packaging materials. Japan has also been a pioneer in bioplastics, incorporating them into electronics and automobiles...

Market situation

These days plastics are predominantly made from crude oil. However, the increasing hunger for energy worldwide and also political instability in the large oil exporting countries have led to a dramatic increase in the price of oil in recent years. A consistently low oil price, as was seen throughout the 90s, is not very likely in the future. In this context, renewable resources are becoming a more viable and promising alternative for the plastics industry.

COPA (Committee of Agricultural Organisation in the European Union) and COGEGA (General Committee for the Agricultural Cooperation in the European Union) have made an assessment of the potential of bioplastics in different sectors of the European economy:

Catering products: 450.000 t/a Organic waste bags: 100.000 t/a Biodegradable mulch foils: 130.000 t/a Biodegradable foils for diapers 80.000 t/a Diapers, 100% biodegradable: 240.000 t/a Foil packaging: 400.000 t/a Vegetable packaging: 400.000 t/a Tyre components: 200.000 t/a

Total 2.000.000 t/a...

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